Hormones of non endocrine organs:
Hormones |
Organs |
Functions |
ANP |
Heart |
Atrial natriuretic peptide causing a
reduction in expand extracellular fluid (ECF) volume by increasing renal sodium excretion and important
roles in regulating blood pressure,
most prominently through their activity in the kidney to promote excretion of water and sodium. |
BNP |
Heart |
Brain natriuretic peptide helps to promote diuresis, natriuresis, vasodilation
of the systemic and pulmonary vasculature, and reduction of circulating
levels of endothelin and aldosterone |
CNP |
Heart |
C-type natriuretic peptide possess potent natriuretic, diuretic, and
vasodilating activities and are implicated
in body fluid homeostasis and blood pressure control. |
Erythropoietin |
Kidneys |
Erythropoietin stimulates the
bone marrow to produce more red blood
cells. The resulting rise in red cells increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood |
Renin–angiotensin |
Kidneys |
Regulates
blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as systemic vascular
resistance |
Calcitriol |
Kidneys |
Bioactive vitamin D or calcitriol
has a important role in regulating
body levels of calcium and phosphorus, and in mineralization of bone. |
Somatomedins |
Liver |
Somatomedins inhibit the release
of growth hormones by acting directly on anterior pituitary and by stimulating the secretion of somatostatin
from the hypothalamus. |
Angiotensin |
Liver |
It can increase blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels and maintain fluid balance in the body. It
can also trigger thirst or the desire for salt. Angiotensin is responsible for the release of the
pituitary gland’s anti-diuretic hormone. |
Gastrin |
GIT |
Stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the
stomach and aids in gastric motility. |
Somatostatin |
GIT |
Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of several other hormones, including growth
hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, cholecystokinin and insulin. |
Secretin |
GIT |
Secretin helps regulate the pH of
the duodenum by (1) inhibiting the
secretion of gastric acid from the parietal cells of the stomach and (2) stimulating the production of bicarbonate
from the ductal cells of the pancreas. It also stimulates bile production by
the liver. |
Relaxin |
Placenta |
Responsible for female reproductive system and during
pregnancy. In preparation for childbirth, it relaxes the ligaments in the pelvis and softens and widens the
cervix. |
Human
chorionic gonadotropin |
Placenta |
Human chorionic somatomammotropin helps to prepare the
mammary gland. |
Pineal
gland |
Melatonin |
It plays an important role in the
regulation of sleep-wake cycles. Control
sexual activity in human. Protects against damage free redicals. |
Hormones of non endocrine tissues:
Hormones |
Tissues |
Functions |
Thymosin |
Thymocytes |
Thymosin stimulates the maturation of T cells, which are derivatives of white blood cells that
circulate our system |
Thymulin |
Thymocytes |
Thymulin is a thymic hormone
produced by thymic epithelial cells (TEC) known to induce intra- and extra thymic T cell differentiation. It is a
non appetite whose biological activity
and antigenicity depend upon the presence of zinc. |
Leptin |
Adipose tissue |
Extensively regulates the energy intake and expenditure by its influence
over feeding behaviour, appetite, hunger and energy metabolism. |
Adiponectin |
Adipose tissue |
It plays a role in the suppression of the metabolic derangements that may
result in type 2 diabetes, obesity,
atherosclerosis and non alcoholic
fatty liver disease. |
Nitric Oxide |
Endothelial Cells |
It dilates blood vessels, raising blood supply and lowering blood
pressure. |
Endothelin |
Endothelial Cells |
Act through two types of receptors ETA and ETB. It has roles in
cell survival, bone growth and angiogenesis. |
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